Because nano-powder materials can be pressed into nano-solids. Therefore, nanopowders are the basis of nanosolids.
(1) Nano coating
Nano-coating is the use of surface technology to coat part or all of materials containing nano-powders on the substrate. Due to the unique surface properties of nano-powders, new properties are given to the materials.
① It can be made into surface coating to change the optical properties of the material surface, such as optical nonlinearity, light absorption, light reflection, light transmission, etc. Nanoparticles have great applications in the light bulb industry. For high-pressure sodium lamps, 69% of the electrical energy of the iodine arc lamp is converted into infrared light, only a small amount of light energy is visible light, and the heating of the lamp will also reduce the life of the lamp. Nanoparticles provide a new solution for it. People use SiO2 And TiO2 nanoparticles made of multi-layer interference film with a total thickness of micrometers lining the interior of the lamp tube not only has good light transmittance but also has strong infrared reflection ability. Can save 15% of electricity.
②Nano-infrared coating has also been studied by many people. After composited with nano-powders of silicon dioxide, ferric oxide and aluminum oxide, it can absorb infrared rays strongly, and can be made into military clothes, which can not only keep warm It can also avoid the detection of the enemy's hot frequency band, and the weight is reduced by 30%.
③ Nano UV coating, which utilizes the blue-shift phenomenon of nanoparticles, can be used as a semiconductor UV filter. It can also be applied to the surface of plastic to slow down the aging of plastic, and it can even be made into sunscreen to protect the skin.
④ Nano-stealth technology, as various detection methods become more and more advanced, radar emits electromagnetic waves, infrared detectors can detect heating bodies, etc. In future military struggles, nano-stealth technology becomes very important. On the one hand, since the size of nanoparticles is much smaller than the wavelength of infrared and its radar waves, the transmittance of nanoparticles is much larger than that of conventional materials, thereby reducing the reflectivity and avoiding detection; on the other hand, the The surface energy is much more than that of conventional materials, which makes the nanoparticle absorb electromagnetic waves very strongly, so that the reflected electromagnetic waves are greatly reduced and difficult to be detected. Nanoscale borides, carbides and carbon nanotubes are promising in this regard.
(2) Application in environmental protection
The shortage of mineral energy and environmental pollution have plagued people. The application of nanomaterials in environmental protection, environmental management and pollution reduction has shown a thriving scene. Nanoparticles can be antibacterial, antiseptic, deodorant, purify the air, optimize the environment, facilitate degradation, etc. In addition, they can adsorb heavy metal ions to purify water, adsorb bacteria, viruses, toxic ions, etc.
(3) Nanoparticle photocatalysis
Photocatalysis can be used for environmental protection, degradation of pesticides, organic matter, etc. Due to the small particle size of the nanoparticles, the large specific surface area, and the high photocatalytic efficiency; in addition, most of the electrons and holes generated by the nanoparticles will not recombine when they reach the surface, so the holes are low and the chemical reaction activity is high.